Dismantling Borders: How AfCFTA Redefines Regional Value Chains
At the bustling port of Mombasa , a consignment of high-grade tea from the Kenyan highlands is loaded into a container alongside locally manufactured automotive batteries. For decades, a shipment destined for West Africa would have embarked on a tortuous maritime journey via European ports, or languished under prohibitive tariffs and customs bottlenecks at multiple African borders. Today, this cargo moves under a single, unified continental framework, signaling a quiet but profound revolution in how Africa does business with itself. The driver of this transformation is the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), an ambitious project to create the world's largest free trade area by number of participating countries. By connecting 1.3 billion people across 54 nations with a combined GDP of approximately $3.4 trillion, the agreement is designed to dismantle the systemic barriers that have historically stifled i...